Tierney describes how vulnerability to disaster, both for built systems and vulnerable populations, can be assessed. What are the core elements of assessing social vulnerability to disaster—and how does vulnerability relate to resilience? Further, how does the Rumbach & Kudva article related to Tierney’s key assertions about vulnerability and resilience?

Tierney describes how vulnerability to disaster, both for built systems and vulnerable populations, can be assessed. What are the core elements of assessing social vulnerability to disaster—and how does vulnerability relate to resilience? Further, how does the Rumbach & Kudva article related to Tierney’s key assertions about vulnerability and resilience?

Birkmann, J. (2006). Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies: Conceptual frameworks and definitions. Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards: Towards disaster resilient societies, 9-54.

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Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global environmental change, 18(4), 598-606.

Rumbach, A. J., & Kudva, N. (2011). Putting people at the center of climate change adaptation plans: A vulnerability approach. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 2(4), 1-23.

Tierney, K. (2006). Social inequality, hazards, and disasters. On risk and disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, 109-128
these are the only sources to be used. The reaction paper should about 3 to 4 pages—though quality of content is more important than length considerations; the 3 – 4 page length is simply used as a general guideline. However, there is no expectation that this is a research essay; it is merely a short reaction paper to assigned reading and will be graded as such.

When you do reference the NRC text, and if you reference any of the prior readings from Unit 1, or any other material you might reference in your essay, please use the American Psychological Association (APA) method of citing references. Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab is a very useful website that explains the APA citation method, with lots of clear illustrations; the website can be found here. Further, if you are interested in looking at the style manual itself, or possibly acquiring a new or used copy of the manual itself (as a reference book) you can find information about it here at the APA website

With those instructions in mind, please answer one of the following two questions:

Essay Question A: Tierney describes how vulnerability to disaster, both for built systems and vulnerable populations, can be assessed. What are the core elements of assessing social vulnerability to disaster—and how does vulnerability relate to resilience? Further, how does the Rumbach & Kudva article related to Tierney’s key assertions about vulnerability and resilience?