Technology In Our Daily Lives

Technology In Our Daily Lives

What is a Research Proposal?

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Why is a Research Proposal Important?

Research Proposal – Considerations

Research Proposal Content

Literary Review

Planning your Research Project

Managing Expectations

Class Discussion

What are Research Methods?
A research method is a technique employed for the collection of data. Method can be qualitative or quantitative in nature. It involves use of a specific instrument:-

– Self-Completion Questionnaire
– A Structured Interview Schedule
– Participant Observation

One or a combination of research methods can be used.

Why are they Important?
Provide most appropriate framework under which to collect research data in a meaningful and relevant manner.

Questionnaire Design Process

Use of Questionnaires

Advantages of Questionnaires

Disadvantages of Questionnaires

Response Rates, Validity &

Reliability can be maximised by:-

Types of Questionnaires

Choice depends on

Questionnaire Design 10 Step Checklist

Step 1- Specify The Information Needed

Step 2 – Type of Interviewing Method

Step 4 – Overcoming Inability and Unwillingness to Answer (Ctd)

Step 4 Overcoming Inability and Unwillingness to Answer (Ctd)

Step 5: Choosing Question Structure – Unstructured Questions

Choosing Question Structure : Multiple Choice Questions

Choosing Question Structure – Dichotomous Questions

Choosing Question Structure Scales

• Step 6 Choosing Question Wording
• Step 6 Choosing Question Wording
• Step 6 Choosing Question Wording
• Step 7 (ctd)
• Internet Based Tools
• Observer Roles
• Variations in Approaches to Observation
• Participant vs. Non-Participant Observation
• Observer effect
• Observer Bias
• Advantages of Interview
• Disadvantages of Interview
• Qualitative or Quantitative?
• What Are Qualitative Interviews?
• Why Use Qualitative Interviews?
• Types of Interviews
• Structured Interviews
• Structured / Semi-Structured
• Semi-Structured Interviews
• Unstructured Interviews
• Focus Group
• Types of Interview Questions
• Interviewer Behaviour
• Respect the culture of the group being studied
• Respect the individual being interviewed
• Be natural
• Develop an appropriate rapport with the participant
• Ask one question at a time
• Doing the Interview
• After the Interview: Writing up the Interview and…
• When to use interviews?
• Ethics Review
• General ethical issues
• Research Ethics: Areas of Focus
• Harm
• Informed Consent
• Confidentiality
• Deception
• Reporting Research Results
• Research Ethics
• What we covered today
• Recommended Websites – Research Project Websites
• ESRC Research Methods: www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods
• Online Research Project Guide: http://global.oup.com/uk/orc/busecon/business/brymanbrm3e/01student/project_guide
• An introduction to qualitative research: www.enquirylearning.net/ELU/Issues/Research/Res1Cont.html
• Evaluating online information – an online tutorial for students: www.vtstutorials.co.uk/tutorial/socialresearchmethods
• Ethics in market research: www.mrs.org.uk/standards/fieldwork.htm
• Research Ethics Guidebook: www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk
• Research validity: www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/constval.php
• Designing questionnaires and surveys: www.statpac.com/surveys
• Analyzing statistics: www.blackwellpublishing.com/researchproject/experiments.asp