Peptic Ulcer
A peptic ulcer is a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum. A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer. An ulcer in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer.
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Get Help Now!Etiology & Pathophysiology
One’s digestive tract is coated with a mucous layer that normally protects against acid. But if the amount of acid is increased or the amount of protective mucous layer is decreased, he or she could develop an ulcer. Most ulcers occur in the first layer of the inner lining. A hole that goes all the way through the stomach or duodenum is called a perforation and is a medical emergency. The most common cause of such damage is infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori).
Most people with peptic ulcers have these bacteria living in their gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Helicobacter pylori release a toxin that promotes mucosal inflammation and ulceration. Helicobacter pylori also cause apoptosis and causes DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells……
Investigators believe that NSAIDs can cause a gastric ulcer by inhibiting prostaglandins (the fatty acids that the stomach release which regulate acid secretion). Exposure to irritants like certain drugs and alcohol can also inhibit prostaglandin secretion in the stomach triggering a mechanism much like the one caused by NSAIDs. ……..
Also trauma patients who experienced critical illnesses, shock, or had severe tissue injury from extensive burns or intracranial surgery may develop an ulcer. Moreover, certain illnesses like Chron’s disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are associated with ulcer development. People with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have a tumor in their pancreas which releases high levels of gastrin (a hormone) that increases stomach acid which can then lead to ulcers development.
In the case of Chron’s disease immunity cells destroy the gastric cells thus damaging the mucosal lining of the stomach causing inflammation and ulcers eventually develop.
Psychogenic factors like stress cause ulcers too. Investigators believe stress causes long term overproduction of gastric secretions that aid in ulcer production by eroding stomach, duodenal and intestinal tissue. Yet, there is not enough research available thus far to confirm the trueness of this statement, at least for everyday stress at home. Genetics play a part in ulcer…………………..
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