History of Americas Involvement in War ESSAY

History of America’s Involvement in War

The years 1754-1800 denoted a time of war, upheaval, defiance, and the start of America’s improvement as a country. The period began with the French and Indian War. Also referred to as the 7 years’ war, this conflict marked another regime in the royal struggle when the French and Native Americans battled dauntlessly against the British without much of any result. The end of the war denoted the annihilation for the French and Native Americans, yet without results. As the expansion of France into Ohio River Valley caused recurrent conflicts with claims of British colonies, small battles started and led to the British’s official declaration of war in early 1756 (Nester 31). The French and Native Americans lost noteworthy measures of land. However, they were not by any means the only ones with results. The expenses were unreasonably forced for reparations of the war. They not only fought the Britain’s battle but were also no longer permitted to settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains with the 1763 Proclamation Line.

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At the peace summitin 1763, England took Florida from Spain, Canada from France, left Louisiana for Spain and but allowed France to maintain West Indian Islands(Nester 31). The treaty strengthened American colonies by forcing their European rivals to the north and south thus allowing the Mississippi Valley to expand westward.

England’s endeavor to surpass North America as the essential power in the wake of battling with the French and Native Americans incited its young settlements to revolt, inevitably driving into more prominent war: The American Revolution. The war was a way to achieve the present issues existing amongst Britain and the Americans. Each had now framed their different characters and could no longer live together as a single country over the world.

After the war, the United States was shaped. The arrangement started shakily as the United States endeavored to discover establishing in the political and monetary world even after they figured out how to prevail in the war. Majority rules system was thought that existed much sooner. It got to be mixed into the establishments and the eventual fate of the United States and enlivened eras among various nations. Representing was not another idea for Americans. However, it was still new for them. With the end of the American Revolution, another administration was framed. The Articles of Confederation demonstrated excessively feeble, making it impossible to bolster an always developing America. The Constitution was rather executed in its place. A progression of occasions immediately denoted the time, in the end driving into George Washington’s administration and completion the period with the fall of the Federalist Party.

On March 5^th, 1770, a gang of American colonialists assembled at the Customs House in Boston and started taunting the British soldiers who were guarding the building (Nester 36). The patriots were protesting the city’s occupation by the British troops who went to Boston in 1768 to enforce hated taxation measures passed by the British parliament but lacked American representation(Nester 62).The British commanding officer,Thomas Preston, ordered his soldiers to join the guarding team outside the house.In response to that, the colonialists threw snowballs at the British soldiers. The soldiers began firing the colonialists and killing five of them.Many historians regard the deaths of the five men as the first mortalities in the Revolutionary War. The soldiers were put on trial which ended in December 1770 with two of them guilty of manslaughter and were given death sentence.The American Revolution began officially in April 1775 when British soldiers from Boston clashed with American troops Concord and Lexington. In April 1776, British troops had to leave Boston because American General, George Washington had successfully placed cannons and fortifications at Dorchester Heights.The bloody liberation of Boston marked the end of the despicableBritish occupation of the city for eight years.The Continental Army commander, General Washington received a medal from the Continental congress for his victory.

The American War of Independence, also known as the American Revolutionary Waroccurred between Britain and the British colonies in North America (Anderson 2). It was the culmination of the American political revolution, whereby the British rule was overthrown by the colonialists. In 1775, the British colonialists seized control of all the thirteen colonial governments, created the Second Continental Congress and formed the Continental Army. In 1776, they officially declared their independence and became the United States of America(Anderson 15).In the subsequent years, other European powers would side with America in the war.The African Americans and the Native Americans served both sides of the war.During the war, the British captured and occupied the coastal cities, but were not able to control the countryside (where a larger population of America lived) eluded them because they had a relatively small army (McCullough 93).Immediately, after America’s victory at Saratoga in 1778, France started a war against Britain; Netherlands and Spain joined as France’s allies for two years. The involvement of the French proved decisive with their naval victory in Chesapeake forcing the British army to surrender at Yorktown in early 1781 (McCullough 94).

The Paris Treaty in 1783 marked the end of the war and recognized the United States’ sovereignty over the territory bounded by River Mississippi to the west, Florida to the south, and Canada to the north. The American Revolutionary War could be regarded as a civil war on foreign land since opposing forces were residents of both nations (Ferling 51). This implies that America could not have survived the war without assistance from the French (Ferling52).Moreover, the British had majormilitaryshortcomings and this hindered they success in the war. Distance was a major challenge because they had to ship most troops and supplies across the Atlantic Ocean.Furthermore, they usually faced logistical challenges whenever they operated far from port cities while America had local resources and manpower besides being more familiar with the territory (Ferling 143).Additionally, traveling across the ocean meant that their communications were two to three months late. By the time the orders from London reached the British generals in America, the situation of the military had changed. Defeating a rebellion in America also proved to be a great problem. Another factor that hindered their success was that they covered a vast area and were not united during the war, thus they had no central point of strategic significance.

In Europe, a war ends when a capital is captured but in America, the War of Independence continued even after the British had seized cities such as Philadelphia and New York. Moreover, the colonies’ large sizes meant that the British could not control them effectively.Once they captured an area, their troops had to stay there, otherwise,the rebelswould regain control. Consequently, the troops were not available for further military operations.They had enough troops to successfully fight American troops on the battleground but not sufficient to simultaneously occupy the capturedareas.This shortage of manpower became critical when the Spanish and the French joined the war because the British had to disperse their troops had to disperse from where they were concentrated in America to several other theaters.They also found it difficult to fight the war while at the same time retaining the loyalists’ allegiance (Ferling42). The support of the loyalists was important because the war was aimed at keeping the colonies in the empire but this imposed several military limitations.

At the beginning of the American War of Independence, the Howe brothers were serving as peace commissioners while at the same putting an effort in the war, roles that could limit their effectiveness. Furthermore, the British could have considered recruiting more slaves as well as Native Americans to participate in the war. However, this would have estrangedmanyloyalists even more than the German’s controversial hiring of the mercenaries.The British’s need to retain the loyalists’ allegiance also meant that they could not use the harsh techniques ofsubduing rebellion they used in Scotland and Ireland.Even with the limitations, most potentially neutral colonialists were, however, forced into the revolutionaries’ ranks due to the war. This amalgamation of factors led to the ultimate downfall of the British rule inAmericaand paved way for the rise of the revolutionaries’ independent nation, the U.S.A.

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