GED 260 Criminology Multiple Choice Questions

GED 260 Criminology Multiple Choice Questions

Early Roman law derived from the ______.
a. Twelve Tables
b. Code of Babylonia
c. Justinian Code
d. Code of Hammurabi
Unit 1 Examination
35
GED 260 Criminology
21. The belief that the natural human condition at birth is that of a blank slate is attributed to
______.
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke
c. Thomas Paine
d. Thomas Hobbes
22. Which type of crime would Cesare Beccaria be most likely to recommend be punished through
the use of corporal punishment?
a. inciting revolution
b. assault
c. treason
d. burglary
23. Jeremy Bentham’s ________ approach emphasizes the determination of behavior based on the
amount of pleasure or pain the behavior can be expected to produce.
a. positivist
b. hedonistic calculus
c. common law
d. hard determinism
24. In routine activities theory, an individual who effectively discourages crime is known as a
______.
a. suitable target
b. capable guardian
c. defensible victim
d. motivated offender
25. Rational choice theories have been criticized for ______.
a. an underemphasis on individual choice
b. a focus on biological bases of criminal behavior
c. an overemphasis on the role of social factors in crime causation
d. an overemphasis on individual choice
Unit 2 Examination
79
GED 260 Criminology
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. Which of the following statements would probably not be made by a biological criminologist?
a. A tendency towards crime may be inherited.
b. Some humans may be further along the evolutionary ladder than others.
c. Individual free will is linked to variations in crime rates.
d. Biological differences between men and women may explain gender differences in crime
rates.
2. According to positivism, how is valid knowledge acquired?
a. the exercise of reason
b. adherence to belief
c. rational deduction
d. observation
3. The scientific study of the relationships between human physical characteristics and
criminality is called ______.
a. criminal anthropology
b. phrenology
c. Darwinism
d. biological theory
4. According to Lombroso, which category of offenders should include someone who was tempted
to commit a crime by a situational or environmental factor?
a. criminaloids
b. born criminals
c. atavists
d. insane offenders
5. The studies of the Juke and the Kallikak families emphasized ________ as the primary source
of criminality.
a. psychology
b. ecology
c. environment
d. genetics
Unit 2 Examination
80
GED 260 Criminology
6. Which of the following social policies was developed during the eugenics movement?
a. territoriality
b. selective human breeding
c. chromosomal defenses
d. situational crime control
7. According to Konrad Lorenz, much of what we call “crime” is the result of ______.
a. overcrowded living conditions
b. neuroses
c. free will
d. body types
8. Which of the following is not a criticism of sociobiology?
a. It fails to integrate biology into the basic paradigm.
b. It does not identify the importance of culture, social learning, and individual experiences
in shaping behavior.
c. It does not properly depict basic human behavior.
d. There is no rational basis for applying findings from animal studies to humans.
9. One concern with early biological theories is their dismissal of the concept of ______.
a. positivism
b. genetic determinism
c. heredity
d. free will
10. The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to determine the complete sequence of
______.
a. MAOA
b. XYY
c. RNA
d. DNA
11. Genes ________ human action.
a. cause
b. produce
c. enable
d. determine
Unit 2 Examination
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GED 260 Criminology
12. Which of the following brain mechanisms may be involved in aggression?
a. disease
b. food allergies
c. physical injuries
d. all of the above
13. What is the effect of stress on brain structure?
a. Long-term exposure to high-level stress can reduce cognition.
b. Short-term exposure to stress can increase brain development.
c. Stress does not have any effect on brain structure.
d. Long-term exposure to low-level stress can produce neuroplasticity.
14. What is the impact of sugar on behavior?
a. The current evidence is unclear.
b. Excess sugar consumption may lead to learning disabilities, which increase the risk of
criminality.
c. Excess sugar consumption may be linked to crime.
d. Hypoglycemia increases violent behavior.

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