Do you believe that meaning lies in the text, the user, or a combination of both? Explain your answer using concepts

Part 1 Answer the questions in minimum 150 word

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Do you believe that meaning lies in the text, the user, or a combination of both?  Explain your answer using concepts.( Base on famous theory, Selective Exposure theory, Marxism theory in communication)

Peer’s answer.

When thinking about if the meaning lies within text, the user, or both I first think about what chapter 17  explains about Marxism. I envision Marxism theory as being a clear cut example of how the media and the world are interlaced. Marxism theory discusses about whoever owns the means of producing goods and services wield the power to shape society. From there, economic power leads to political power, and subsequently to social and cultural power(pg. 206). In simpler terms, this explains that whoever is at the top regarding social, political, and general power influences the masses by manipulating the media and more. Yet, even though this manipulation occurs, the masses do have their own experience and independent situations that express differences from what the top people encourage onto the populace. Therefore, I believe it is a mixture of the text and the user that influences the meaning in the world.

Example#1:

Meaning lies in text, but it can be interpreted or misinterpreted by those on the receiving side of the message.  Karl Marx believed that “ordinary people—the many—can be convinced to act and hold beliefs that they are not even aware of” (p. 261).  This is true to some degree, but it should also be considered that human beings are agents to act for themselves and to choose what they believe.  However, it is true that people are easily influences by what they see in the media, but not to the extreme that suggests that humankind are mindless robots just waiting to be told what to do.

Media can shape a message through text, but in the end people can manipulate the message’s meaning into their own way of seeing the world.  Grossberg argues that rock music can be “subject to many differing interpretations” and that consumers “to see the music as they see fit” (p. 272).  This applies to other messages that are portrayed through the means of magazines, television, the radio, etc.

In summary, meaning can be assigned in the text, but people also have the power to take in, leave out, or manipulate the given message.

 Example#2:

When it comes to getting a message to the people, I believe that the meaning lies in both the text and the user but more in the text. Communication in general is about getting a message from one person to another. We have learned that this can be in more ways than just a verbal conversation, it can include non-verbal cues and actions as well. But it all starts with a message that one person wants to send to others. So they create a text or put it into context. We can see this in many ads on television and radio. There are two studies explained in the text that explain the different ways media projects messages to their audience. High culture is where media sends messages to the audience, pop culture is when the audience makes meaning out of the media (p.265). The book explains how commercials like Tommy Hilfiger portray different concepts like diversity and American pride (p. 267). The text is giving a message to the viewer. A real life example, “every kiss begins with Kay”, this commercial gives a message to couples that women will love men more and appreciate the jewels and gifts if they get them from Kay. It happens all the time in media sales, the purpose of the text is to get a message out to the public. This is why meaning lies more in the text than in the user. There are many other things like movies and art where the meaning lies with the user. But it is much more popular for the text to give a certain message to a viewer.

Example#3

I believe that meaning lies in the text but as a person it’s for us to determine its true meaning. The books states that, “For orthodox Marxists, ideology presents itself as knowledge, but it’s a form of knowledge that oppresses and represses people as it tries to hide what is true.” (p.161) Whatever the media presents us can be essential to our knowledge but can be interpreted different by many individuals. “Political economists begin examining how the owners of the means of production manipulate all industries, including media, in order to serve their economic interest.” (p.262) Money talks and many mature media companies tell you what they want you to hear rather than let you decide. High culture sends messages to the audience for them to interpret, understand, and enhance the level of advancement in their culture (P.263). Pop culture is seen as low art and often times we make meaning out of this media and integrate into our cultures entertainment ourselves (P.263). Thus, meaning is in the context of text but how we receive the messages and interpret them is different amongst individuals.

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