Cigarette Smokers Make Lower College Grades

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Cigarette Smokers Make Lower College Grades than Nonsmokers

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Consider the following news headline, “Cigarette Smokers Make Lower College Grades than Nonsmokers” The news article goes on to say that researchers at a university collected information on rate of cigarette smoking (total number of cigarettes smoked in a one month period) and the college student’s current GPA for completed college courses. They found that those with higher levels of cigarette use had lower GPAs, and vice versa. What can you rightfully conclude from this? Why? Be specific about what this kind of information may indicate and mean.

2. A pharmaceutical company conducts a study to evaluate the relationship between length of time taking drug X and size of tumor. They enlist 2400 patients with the same type of benign tumor who have been on drug X for varying lengths of time (measured in days). They find that the longer the patient is on the drug, the smaller the patient’s tumor size (measured in volume). In fact, they report the results as r(2398) = -.21, with significance of p < .0001. What is your initial perception of this information? What are other ways, beyond looking at the p-value alone, you could use to try to interpret what this outcome ofr(2398) = -.21 tells us about the relationship between length of time taking drug X and the size of the tumor? Support your responses.