Assuming the Sun and all the planets behave as black bodies, and considering the following
information given in the Table below:
(i) Determine the Solar flux arriving at the Earth’s surface, given that the temperature
of the Sun is 60ooK. Subsequently, determine the Earth’s effective temperature, Te.
(ii) Discuss the possibility of a greenhouse effect for the planets given in the Table.
Planet Distance from the Albedo CO2 T (K) at
Name Sun (km) (a) concentration ground level
Venus 8 0.75 700
1.08 x 10
Mars 8 0.15 0.95 220
2.28 x10
Earth 8 0.3 1 X% 28 8
1.5 x10
5 78 ,2 ,4
Sun’s radius : 6.96×10 km; Stefan-Boltzmann Constant s = 5.67×10 W m K
Question 2.
(a) Calculate the total mass of the Earth’s atmosphere given that at the Earth’s surface, the
atmospheric pressure is: P(0) = 105 Pa, and that the radius of the Earth is RE=6400 km.
(b) Calculate the mass of emitted carbon since pre-industrial times, given that the
concentration of Co2 has risen from 278ppm to 398 ppm. You may assume: (i) that the
molecular weight of Carbon is 12 g/mole and (ii) overall molecular weight of air and the
atmospheric mass have not been modified since pre-industrial times.
Question 3.
A power plant burns 970 tons of coal (containing 2% sulphur) per day. All of the sulphur is
burned completely and emitted into the atmosphere from a stack with an effective height of
102 m. For a wind speed of 5.2 m/s, atmospheric stability category C, calculate SOZ
concentration at:
(a) the ground level along the plume centre line, 10 km downwind;
(b) 5 m above ground, 3 km downwind, at central line.
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