Examining Pal’s conceptual framework of implementing public policies, certain variables listed can in fact positively or negatively harm the execution of a policy. His scheme is structured with types of variables, the first are statutes that will allow for policy implementation while the second are non-statutory variables that can affect (negatively or positively) the successfulness of a policy implementation. Focusing on the latter, external variables can drastically alter how a policy is implemented and whether it will ultimately meet the ends as for which it intended. The variables that Pal list are media attention, public support, attitude and resources of stakeholders, State and autonomous entity support, and overall leadership effectiveness from integral key players. These variables are interconnected and interrelated, one variable can alter and define another one, therefore each variable can be regarded as equally important towards generating a successfully policy implementation. This idea appeals to the notion of how rational policies can be overturned and overran by politics. Many times often, policy discussion and deliberation become politicized and polarized. Congress, elected and non-elected officials along with interest groups have to collaborate in order to pass legislation. Currently, congress is one party dominated and generating support is still a strenuous feat to accomplish. POLITICO recently published an article discussing the difficulty Speaker of the House, Paul Ryan was having in garnishing support for tax reform, many officials of his own party oppose his plan and outwardly disengaged in having open discussion for any reform. Politico quoted this as “an ominous sign for a linchpin of Ryan’s tax plan — and perhaps for the prospects of tax reform happening at all” (2016). Such efforts are rarely easily done and the partnership between all parties becomes a balancing act of who is willing to give and take. Past futile attempts at policy change and implementation are seen with policy issues such as tax, welfare, social security, etc. All these issues are prevalent in today’s society and require extensive reform however formulating and passing legislation to reform such programs becomes difficult with a divided government not just along party lines, but individual preference and interest groups. As Pal (2014) notes in his example, “the EDA program depended on agreement among a diverse group of participants with differing organizational objectives” (pg.190). The non-statutory variables that Pal list are ultimately deciding factors on how effective the implementation of a policy will be and even beforehand whether it even reaches a consensus for passage. It is important to note that policy analysts play an integral role in interpreting such policies, formulating rules for them and separating themselves from the politics associated with policy reform. Overall, policy analyst must pay close attention to objective and sound rational policy decisions and differentiate from political ideological ideals that too often become the basis for policy change and reform.
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