Gender is the name given to social construction of maleness and femaleness. It is not regarded as being a direct product of biological sex, but gender roles, which is not fixed but changes due to the variety of cultural definitions and understanding. Most of the history sociology has been gender blind (Abbott and Wallace, 1996), where they only focused on men, and produced biased and one-sided knowledge. Therefore, many of the main perspectives and concepts required substantial revision or transformation, so a new way of thinking is introduced (Maynard, 1990).
Gender also plays a major part in structuring the opportunities, which are available to social groups in a range of societal institutions. Feminists have argued that all these aspects of social life have a gendered. For example, in employment, women still appear to fare less well than men in terms of hours worked, pay received and the kind of job they undertake. In family and household, women’s unequal situation helps to make them also unequal outside it. Where it can be seen the majority of women is still undertaking the bulk of household jobs compared to men, even when they are in full time employment (Morris 1990, Robertson Elliot 1996, Drew et al 1998).
When it comes to sexual violence, both reality and the threat of violence act is a form of gendered social control; like pornography, it’s at the heart of male supremacy. It portrays women’s bodies as belonging to men and presents women’s sexuality in an objectified, debasing and humiliating way (Dworkin 1981). Laws also tend to ignore women’s experiences and views. In court, women may be treated as unreliable witness where they consented to intercourse, that even when she said ‘no’ she meant ‘yes’ and that she dressed provocatively to encourage sexual attention (Lees 1997), just like the common belief that children lie about sexual abuse. For the courts, when it comes to the question of the violence com
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