Consider your artifact in the context of the overall collection of artifacts in your class.

 

Review the results of the Self-Assessments As you review the artifacts that your classmates selected, do you see any theme

• Consider your artifact in the context of the overall collection of artifacts in your class. What is the “class story” as revealed in the artifacts? What type of virtual reality could be constructed if you viewed the artifacts as a deliberate collection. What types of perspectives did your fellow classmates display in the artifacts they selected?
• How do the artifacts display together reveal ways of knowing, thinking, and expressing?
• What surprised you about the other artifacts that your classmates selected?
• Would your artifact be complimentary with another student artifact? If yes, describe why, if no, describe why not.
• Does your artifact reveal your perspective of who you are as a student and a learner

Artifacts, Thinking About History

Analyze each source in the file “Sources_World_War_I” using the chart below. The source file is found in the Effects of World War I on Political and Ethnic Minorities folder in the Content Browser on the course home page.

 

Source title	Brief summary of the source	What does it reveal about the treatment of minorities as a result of World War I?	Which minority group (or groups) are addressed in this source (Political Minorities [such as radicals, socialists, conscientious objectors, and communists]; German-Americans; African Americans)?
“AMERICAN RIGHTS”	It’s a speech given by the United States Treasury Secretary Williams McAdoo. He is reaching out to the nation about the war. Saying that we need to give up something personal to give funds to the war. To gain empathy he is forcing on The men and boys fighting for us in the war. The soldiers are fighting for our hallowed rights and for our ideas. He wanted to make sure every man and women understand the importance of giving money for the War.	It has revealed that the men and world that are consider the working class. It is directed themselves to those who are home and have property to help. Those that do not care about the war. That the boys are fighting for them too.	The group that is being forced on is the objectors. That don’t care too much about the war. Those people that have no opinion.
ESPIONAGE ACT, 1917	The Espionage Act passed in 1917 to ban all Newspaper and magazines. In addition, it gave the authority’s rights to convict individuals with 10.000 in fines and 20 years in prison.	Congress had wanted to keep the war under wraps. This was a threat to keep those that were against the war from talking about it.	The groups are radicals, communists that feel the war isn’t necessary and feel the people need to know the truth.
SEDITION ACT, 1918	The Act is going into details of what cannot be printed about the war. First, there cannot be any false reports or statement that can be or against the United States military or navy. This also includes the print , write and publish about anything dealing with the government. Any disloyal to the government  will be frowned at. There are punishments for those who do not respect the Sedition Act 1918.	Again, the Government is trying to cover up any negative thing about the War. The Act reinforces the treatment to the people to obey and respect the United Sates. If any of the things that were stated in the Sedition Act is broken punishment will occur.	To the communists and the radicals. Those that are against war and feel that the government is not doing their job. Similar to the line above the groups listed were the one that wanted to knowledge the people of their rights.
EFFECTS OF THE ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS	The effects of the Espionage and sedition acts sent 900 people to prison. To name a few Victor Berger, Eugene V. Debs, A. Philip Randolph, Max Eastman,and Kate Richards O‘Hare were sentenced more than 5years in prison. Rose Pastor Stroke was sentenced to ten years for putting a letter in the Kansas City Star saying the government only care about the profiteers and not the people.	The treatment shows the action of breaking the Acts. That those who don’t follow the law will not be spare. For the simplest thing about the government got a person in prison. The government used it as an example for keeping people to shut their mouth and keep their opinions to themselves.	In this source everyone was mentioned. Anyone that was anti-war were thrown in prison. There were three socialist that was mentioned in this source; plus a radical journalist , communists, African-American activist. In addition, more than 450 objectors were put in prison.
ANTI-GERMAN SENTIMENT IN THE U.S.	Former President Theodore  gave a message to congress and President Wilson that there were some German-Americans that are living among up that could be disloyal to the U.S. When the War begun, everything that had anything to do with Germans was Americize. Cities, animals, and food were all changed to fit the American way. In school the German language was dropped from the curriculum. It was taken to the extreme to find any german spies living in America.	The treatment of this was taken to the extreme. Everything and everyone were suspected of being a German spy. Since America was at odds with Germany, anything that represented German was stopped at that point in time.	The minority group that was getting addressed from the treatment were German-Americans. In the source it had forced their attention towards them due to the fact they were at war with Germany.
THE LYNCHING OF ROBERT PRAGER	Robert Prager was a German man that captured by a mob because of remarks he had said at a meeting. The mob was 300 men and boys that felt they needed to defend America. Prager was seized in front of his home and were tortured and humiliated. The Police feared that violence would arise that they took Prager to jail, by soon after the mob return. The mob had stormed the jail. He hung in a tree which killed him.Many people were mobbed, tarred, and feathered this was to demonstrate the loyalty of the Americans.	The treatment that had occurred to many men, was very harassed. The men had taken the punishment into their own hands.  It had revealed that the mob lynching Prager was found not guilty.	The groups that were  being forced on being the Germans  or Polish that is shown against Americans.
THE CRISIS MAGAZINE	The crisis magazine is a magazine from the NAACP. The African-American came from the war still getting the same respect as they were as slaves.Now blacks were facing lynching, insults, and get stolen from people. The blacks return to America to fight for Americans rights.		This is reflecting the African –Americans group that had fought in the war and returned.
THE RED SUMMER OF 1919	The “Red Summer”  is the summer and fall of race riots. During this time whites and blacks were at war. In Chicago, a black male was in a white community and found he had drowned. White men involved were not arrested; instead a black man was arrested. This had started it all with the riots between races. It continued with 23 blacks and 15 whites were dead. Next it was a group of blacks, men and women that had gathered at a church. Two white men officer came, one was dead and another was wounded. This lead to 300 or 400 white men came from Mississppi to Arkansas. They were armed and ready to kill anything black and move.	This was a terrible treatment it just added to the drama between blacks and whites. Since World War  it just gave Americans a distraction, but when it was over the hate for blacks returned. It revealed that America didn’t know the meaning of freedom. They went to war with Germany for freedom, but turn around and were doing the same thing as the Germans. America was to worry about the outside borders instead of trying to fix the inside.	The minority groups were addressed was the whites and blacks. The whites that were against the blacks and hated everything about them. It mostly focused on the African – Americans. They were the one getting hunted by the whites.
THE LYNCHING OF WILLIAM BROWN	Tensions rise in Omaha, when William Brown was accused of molesting a white girl. The police arrested him, but a mob was still forming. When the mayor pleads , he was taken and hung on a trolley pole. Brown was killed and burned.	The treatment toward Williams brown was wrong, and I disagree. The mob should have allowed the police to take care of this matter. William Brown was never given that justice , just like the justice league presented. In most cases, a white male doing the same thing would have gotten his day in court.	The African – Americans were talked about  on this source. It discusses the situation of an African American male getting killed and burned.
IF WE MUST DIE	The Hogs are being hunted by dogs. But this isn’t the death lined up for the hogs. They want to die with honor. The hogs are outnumbered, but they stated it is cowardly to die this way. Even though they are going to still fight back without their fighting chance.	The represent shown here is revealed through a poem, as blacks are the hogs and whites are the dogs. The whites are hunting the blacks to kill them, but the only thing they want is to be treated equally. It is shown that blacks are looked at as a piece of meat to hunt by whites.	African –American are the group being represented. African –American just wants some justice or at least a fighting chance.
THE PALMER RAIDS	America was going through so much, prohibition, Womens’ suffrage, and riots. To add, Bombing was included in America troubles.In June 2 bombs went off in eight cities Washington, D.C where attorney general Palmer lived. Palmer viewed communist as a threat to keep around, there were 70,000 but to him too much. Palmer agents seized 249 aliens, some went sent back to the Soviet Union	It reveals that the Attorney had to act, he was faced with a decision to get the communist out. For the safety of families and the people it was the best thing to do it for America. The minorities were the center force of all bombing occurring, so therefore the government felt they had to leave. So every non-citizen left.	For the groups of communist and radicals.The source was addressing the reason for their decision. And problems with the groups listed above.
“CLEANING THE NEST”	It is a cartoon of a bald eagle getting rid of all the radical out the nest. They are people seen fly out and a piece of paper saying red. The red stand for the red scare to get rid of radicalism	It revealing the efforts of the government to get rid what they think is best. It’s as well to show the input effort of getting aliens out of America. Palmer Raids wanted to get voted president, so he thought this would better his chances.	It is to the radical groups to get radicalism out the nest (America). To Raids this was the best thing to do is get rid of the radical groups.

 

1. Why were political and ethnic minorities targeted for the actions you described in the chart during and after World War I? In one paragraph of at least 200 words for each, describe the treatment of political minorities, German-Americans, and African Americans and why they were treated as they were. Your essay will be three paragraphs total—one paragraph about each of the groups. Cite at least two different sources from the chart by title or author in each paragraph (six different sources total). List the title or author in parentheses at the end of the sentence that comes from the source. Write your essay below.

 

America is considered the melting pot, so many had migrated to America for freedom. A thing that the United States has faced is dealing with differences. Anything that is different is looked at as the devil something evil.  The German-Americans and African Americans face the difficulties of living in the United States.  These two groups were the political minorities and since the majority was the white Americans, for they had got the end of the stick.  Both groups have their share with race , mobs, and getting hanged or shot. The law was not on their side, something they trust could not protect them. African Americans fought for better and German- Americans moved to gain it. The races are  different in many ways, but what make them similar is their struggle for freedom. The African Americans had  returned from the war uniform and all which the government demanded they do for the freedom of civil garb. ( The Crisis Magazine) On the other hand, the Germans-American had a different path , but similar. The Germans-Americans in the church could not hold German speaking services. (Anti-German Sentiment in the U.S) This was not part of the constitution of the United States., but during the process morals were forgotten.

 

For African American it was a long road. From the beginning the blacks fought for their rights. As slaves they had no rights at all nothing. The African Americans went through a journey into American. In the beginning of slavery then conquering that obstacle in civil war. Now since the WWI , it seems like the ending racism took a step backward. African Americans had returned from the war dealing with the insults. The blacks believed its their fatherland, so it was their right to fight for America. (The Crisis Magazine) they didn’t expect to be burned and lynched, and gun down like animals. In several incidents blacks were the one getting beaten and killed by whites. In one accident William Brown was killed and burned because he was accused of molesting a white girl. (The Lynching of William Brown)  He was never convicted for the crime.It did not end there more things occurred that involved killing more blacks. So many blacks’ lives were lost during this devastated period. The treatment of black women and men were all treated the same way.  The treatment was cruel and harassed, the way blacks were treated was uncivil. The way African American was treated was against everything political and stood for America.

 

Now the next racial issue that happens during the World War I. This was between German-Americans and  Americans. Their treatment was similar to blacks. At this time German spies were known to be in the United States, so just in case the government got rid of anything to do with Germany. The city of St.Louis had planned to wipe everything German in the city.The city St. Louis had a huge German-Americans population. (Anti-German Sentiment in the U.S.) They changed street names , foods, and took it as far as change dog name around . I understand the government has to be careful , but I think change the names and etc; was too little for their times. It did not stop there to get Germans put in their place. Similar to blacks they were harassed because of the war. Many Germans were kidnapped , tarred, and feathered. This occurred numerous of time, to be specific Robert Prager. He was taken twice by a mob, and hung in a tree. In March four men including a priest , they were tarred, feathered in Christopher,Ill, for it was a mining town eight ,miles from St.Louis. (The Lynching of Robert Prager) The fact anyone could be a spy, all German-Americans were targeted in this war.

 

 

 

 

 

1. The rights of U.S. citizens have been limited or violated at other times in U.S. history during wartime. President Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus and held his political enemies in jail indefinitely. Japanese Americans were forced into detention camps during World War II without any due process or probable cause of crimes or disloyalty. The FBI secretly wiretapped the phones and conducted surveillance of civil rights activists (such as Martin Luther King) and of anti-Vietnam War protestors in the 1960s. Now let’s time-travel back to the present and consider the issue today. Read the document below and answer the questions that follow.

THE USA PATRIOT ACT

 With virtually no debate just 45 days after the September 11, 2001 attacks,
Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act.
Source: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
<http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31377.pdf>

• The Patriot Act allows the FBI to force anyone at all—including doctors, libraries, bookstores, universities, and cell phone and Internet service providers—to turn over records on their clients or customers.

• The government no longer has to show evidence that the subjects of search orders are an “agent of a foreign power,” a requirement that previously protected Americans against abuse of this authority.
• The FBI does not have to show a reasonable suspicion that the records are related to criminal activity, much less the requirement for “probable cause” that is listed in the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. All the government needs to do is make the broad assertion that the request is related to an ongoing terrorism or foreign intelligence investigation.
• Judicial oversight of these new powers is essentially non-existent. The government must only certify to a judge—with no need for evidence or proof—that such a search meets the statute’s broad criteria, and the judge does not even have the authority to reject the application.
• Surveillance orders can be based in part on a person’s First Amendment-guaranteed activities, such as the books they read, the Web sites they visit, or a letter to the editor they have written.
• A person or organization forced to turn over records is prohibited from disclosing the search to anyone. As a result of this gag order, the subjects of surveillance never even find out that their personal records have been examined by the government. That undercuts an important check and balance on this power: the ability of individuals to challenge illegitimate searches.

• The Patriot Act also amends the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to allow the government to conduct searches without notifying the subjects, at least until long after the search has been executed. This means that the government can enter a house, apartment or office with a search warrant when the occupants are away, search through their property, take photographs, and in some cases even seize property—and not tell them until later. Under the Patriot Act, the FBI can secretly conduct a physical search or wiretap or gather cell phone and e-mail records of American citizens to obtain evidence of crime without proving probable cause.
• The Patriot Act allows for the indefinite detention of non-citizens. The attorney general can order detention based on a certification that he or she has “reasonable grounds to believe” a non-citizen endangers national security. If the foreigner does not have a country that will accept them, they can be detained indefinitely without trial.

Answer the following questions:

 

1. Summarize the main points of the Patriot Act.

 

The Patriot Act can force bookstores, doctors, anyone to get information from. The Patriot Act is for the FBI to use to seize information. Another point is that the FBI has to the right to search your home while the occupant isn’t home. As long as the FBI is carrying a search warrant photos, cell phones and emails. It includes wire-taped for phone calls.  This point is for the non-citizens, The patriot act allows the attorney general can order detention only if he or she for an reasonable grounds.

 

 

 

2. Categorize the similarities and differences between treatment of political and ethnic minorities as a result of World War I and treatment of U.S. citizens under the Patriot Act as a result of the September 11 attack.

 

Similarities	Differences
The treatment and the Patriot Act  took away the rights of Americans. During World War I the Sedition Act is similar to the patriot act, it was against anything harmful to the government.	The treatment to ethnic minorities were very harassed and uncivil. The Patriot Act protects and didn’t judge those for race. The treatment during World War I judged for the ethnic and it killed many people.

 

3. Do you believe the USA-PATRIOT Act is needed at this time in U.S. History? Why or why not?

Yes, I do think it is especially important to have the Patriot Act. During this time it is the age of technology, therefore criminals are becoming cleverer in hiding things. Due to the fact, everything is done with computers and phone, and any other hand –held devices. Therefore, if the FBI wants to catch them it is important to stay up with the technology. Right there are so many conflicts in Iraq and other countries, so it is important to keep track of what people have in their homes. The simplest thing can be used to make a bomb with. In this period, it is important to stay ahead of the game, because now it is important to see what people are hiding.