The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called

The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the:a.Pericardium.b.Myocardium.c.Endocardium.d.Pleural space.

ANS: AThe pericardium is a tough, fibrous double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It has two layers that contain a few milliliters of serous pericardial fluid.DIF:Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)REF: p. 460MSC: Client Needs: General

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2.The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these?a.Vena cava right atrium right ventricle lungs pulmonary artery left atrium left ventricleb.Right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium left ventriclec.

Aorta right atrium right ventricle lungs pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle vena cavad. Right atrium right ventricle pulmonary vein lungs pulmonary artery left atrium left ventricle

ANS: B Returning blood from the body empties into the right atrium and flows into the right ventricle and then goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The lungs oxygenate the blood, and it is then returned to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.

The blood goes from there to the left ventricle and then out to the body through the aorta. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 461|p. 463 MSC: Client Needs: General

3. The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. Which statement best describes what is meant by atrial kick ? a. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves.
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b.Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation.c.Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole.d.The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles.

ANS: DToward the end of diastole, the atria contract and push the last amount of blood (approximately 25% of stroke volume) into the ventricles. This active filling phase is called presystole, or atrial systole, or sometimes the atrial kick.DIF:Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)REF: p. 463MSC: Client Needs: General

4.When listening to heart sounds, the nurse knows the valve closures that can be heard best at the base of the heart are:a.Mitral and tricuspid.b.Tricuspid and aortic.c.Aortic and pulmonic.d.Mitral and pulmonic.

ANS: CThe second heart sound (S2) occurs with the closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves and signals the end of systole. Although it is heard over all the precordium, the S2is loudest at the base of the heart.DIF:Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)REF: p. 464MSC: Client Needs: General

5.Which of these statements describes the closure of the valves in a…………………..