For the viral agent describe it including structure, type of genome, and life cycle include cell receptor for invasion and cell tropism for the viral agent. How does it actually cause disease. What are the symptoms of disease with this pathogen?

For the viral agent describe it including structure, type of genome, and life cycle include cell receptor for invasion and cell tropism for the viral agent. How does it actually cause disease. What are the symptoms of disease with this pathogen?

Essay 3, 2015. The CDC study module for “Gastroenteritis at a University in Texas” and related reading. 25 pts total. Do the module and answer the questions. Resources below may be useful.

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Questions:

1. For the viral agent describe it including structure, type of genome, and life cycle include cell receptor for invasion and cell tropism for the viral agent. How does it actually cause disease. What are the symptoms of disease with this pathogen?

2. Describe the epidemiology for the viral disease. How much of a public health problem is it? Who is more susceptible to disease from this pathogen? Thinking about the “Chain of infection/transmission “, what are  unique features of the pathogen that allow for or limit transmission. Include source of the pathogen, means of transmission, incubation period, duration of the disease and outcome, infectious dose, and means of exit from the host.

3. What are the components of an “epidemiological Investigation Outline” for investigation of this outbreak. Discuss the aspects of the disease that contributed (or may contribute ) to containing the outbreaks as well identifying hurdles to containing the outbreak or preventing future outbreaks. A way of viewing this component is: What are the features of the outbreak that favor effective control and what features of the outbreaks pose problems for control?

4. What are problems related to vaccine development? What is the definition of HBGAs? Why might researchers be interested in development of a polyvalent vaccine that would induce a protective IgA response in those vaccinated?

Resources: The third article is a bit involved from a technical stand point however the introduction provides good general information.

1. Norovirus gene expression and replication

Lucy G. Thorne and Ian G. Goodfellow. Journal of General Virology (2014), 95, 278-291

2. The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control

Benjamin Lopman, Duncan Steele, Carl Kirkwood, UmeshParashar

PLOS Medicine

:           26 Apr 2016

3. Frequent Use of the IgA Isotype in Human B Cells Encoding Potent Norovirus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies That Block HBGA

Gopal Sapparapu1,2, Rita Czakó3☯, Gabriela Alvarado☯, Sreejesh Shanker3,B.V.Venkataram Prasad3,5, Robert L. Atmar5,6Mary K. Estes5,6James E. Crowe, Jr1,2,4

*

PLOS Pathogens | DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005719 June 29, 2016